Srpska akademska misao Naučni časopis iz oblasti društvenih nauka Časopis Srpska akademska misao osnovan je 2016. godine kao časopis otvorenog pristupa Narodne biblioteke "Radislav Nikčević" Jagodina, Instituta primenjenih nauka Beograd i Razvojne akademije poljoprivrede Srbije. Ideja i cilj časopisa je da podstakne kritičku analizu i da unapredi kvalitet društvene periodike i istraživanja pouzdanim i aktuelnim informacijama iz domaćih, uporednih i međunarodnih društvenih istraživanja, kao i da bude forum za društvene debate. Uredništvo časopisa poziva sve istraživače da podnesu svoje radove o širokom spektru društveneih tema na srpskom ili drugom jeziku. Autori mogu da podnesu naučne članke, komentare zakonodavne prakse, polemike i prikaze knjiga. Časopis izlazi jednom godišnje, u decembru. Svi radovi podležu antiplagijat proveri.
Narodna biblioteka „Radislav Nikčević“ Jagodina
DOBRIVOJE JOVANOVIĆ, ELECTIONS IN THE JAGODINA AND ĆUPRIJA DISTRICTS, 1882–1903, SELF-PUBLISHED, JAGODINA, 2025, 214 PP.
THE INCENTIVE SYSTEM AS A SOCIAL MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION
The incentive system represents an important mechanism that influences the development and improvement of innovation in society. It includes various forms of motivation, including material, institutional, and social incentives, which guide individuals and organizations toward creative work and the creation of new solutions. From a social perspective, innovations are not only the result of individual ability, but also a product of the social environment that encourages cooperation, knowledge exchange, and creativity. Social recognition, educational institutions, and innovation culture play an important role in strengthening innovation potential. An effective incentive system contributes to the development of an innovation culture, increases motivation for research, and enables a wider range of people to participate in innovation processes. In this way, incentives directly influence the increase of competitiveness and overall socio-economic development.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF ART: FROM THE SYSTEM OF FINE ARTS TO MODERN AESTHETICS
This paper explores the historical evolution and transformation of the concept of art from the Renaissance and the Enlightenment to the era of Modernism and contemporary aesthetic theories. The first section analyzes the gradual establishment of the "system of fine arts," tracing its roots from the early notions found in the works of Francesco da Hollanda and François Blondel, through the definitive conceptualization in Charles Batteux’s 1747 treatise, to the autonomy of art formulated by Friedrich Schiller. The study highlights a modern paradox: while the Classical and Medieval concept of art—grounded in craftsmanship and rules—was clear and easily definable, the contemporary concept of art, burdened by subjectivism and pluralism, evades universal definitions. The second section shifts focus toward the methodological framework of comparative art analysis (drawing on the contributions of V. Panić and M. Ranković) and the recontextualization of the ancient concept of mimesis. It addresses the problem of representation within twentieth-century abstract art, contrasting and synthesizing the theoretical perspectives of Giulio Carlo Argan and Rosalind Krauss. Conclusively, the paper examines the relationship between perception, visual models of reality, and epistemology, emphasizing that contemporary art transforms mimesis from mere imitation and replication toward a complex system of reference and subjective expression.
SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF ESPORTS AND THE GAMING INDUSTRY
Esports and the gaming industry have become significant social phenomena that increasingly influence young people, education, and the broader processes of digital transformation. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the social and developmental effects of esports and gaming, with particular emphasis on their impact on youth. The aim of the study is to examine, based on relevant scientific literature, both the positive aspects of developing digital competencies, cognitive abilities, socialization, and social capital, as well as the risks associated with problematic gaming, health-related challenges, and toxic communication in digital environments. The findings indicate that esports can contribute to the development of skills that are essential for the digital society, while simultaneously generating certain psychosocial, educational, and ethical risks. It is concluded that maximizing the positive effects and minimizing the negative consequences requires cooperation among families, educational institutions, governmental bodies, and the gaming industry. Future research should focus on the empirical examination of the long-term social consequences of esports and its role in shaping the digital generation.
PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT AS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
This paper highlights the importance of issues related to the normative presentation of the penal provisions contained in the current Law on the Foundations of the Education System. Through a theoretical framework and a methodological approach based on narrative presentation and analytical examination, the paper compares, evaluates the justification of, and provides an overview of all penal provisions prescribed by the aforementioned law, as well as a comparison with misdemeanors of the same or similar nature. The study employs analytical methods focused on normative legal acts. The significance and relevance of this research lie in the fact that particular attention is devoted to the penal norms embedded in the Law on the Foundations of the Education System, which remain insufficiently known, inadequately explained, and rarely applied in practice. The practical implications of the study point to the need for analyzing the applicability of these penal provisions, as well as the extent of their practical implementation as a result of the interaction among all stakeholders involved, ranging from the broader social community to educational institutions at all levels. Furthermore, the paper provides a foundation for future research directions and offers proposals for innovation and potential improvement, rather than merely engaging in criticism that is often driven by implicit objectives.
NEOLIBERALISM: THE MYTH OF THE FREE MARKET OR THE DOMINANT PARADIGM OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Neoliberalism represents one of the most influential economic and social concepts of the contemporary era, whose impact extends far beyond the sphere of economic policy. The subject of this paper is the analysis of neoliberalism as an economic doctrine, ideology, and social paradigm, with particular emphasis on its historical development, fundamental principles, and consequences for contemporary society. The aim of the paper is to critically examine the role of neoliberalism in shaping the relationship between the state, the market, and the individual, as well as its impact on social inequalities, the labor market, and the welfare state. The study applies the method of content analysis and a critical review of relevant scientific literature indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The findings indicate that neoliberalism has contributed to the processes of globalization and economic integration, but also to the growth of economic stratification, capital concentration, precarious labor, and social insecurity. It is concluded that neoliberalism is not merely an economic model but a complex social project that continues to significantly shape contemporary economic, political, and social relations.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES – AN INTRODUCTORY REVIEW TO CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORY
The paper is an attempt to summarize contemporary research results on theoretical concepts of conspiracy theories. Author has analyzed theoretical aspects from the viewpoints of political theory and theory of history, sociology, anthropology and philosophy. One of the goals of the paper is to connect the determinism that is at the heart of Western Christian European civilization with the emergence of conspiracy theories. Two parallel phenomena at the center of today Western cultural logic may be observed: the need for an explanation derived from the world view brought about by theological determinism and, on the other hand, in the spirit of the “post-truth” era, the need to liberalize science and free it from the "dogmas" that, according to some, are imposed by scientific institutions.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN SPORT: A REVIEW OF THE SPORTICOPEDIA SMB 2024 PROCEEDINGS
The proceedings of the Second International Conference "Sporticopedia – SMB 2024," held on November 8–9, 2024, in Belgrade, organized by the Faculty of Sport at the Union – Nikola Tesla University, represent a significant collection of scientific papers in the fields of physical education, media in sport, and sports management. The volume is edited by Prof. Dr. Dejan Dašić, the collection comprises 32 papers by national and international authors, divided into three key thematic sections. This paper provides an overview of thematic directions, methodological approaches, and the socio-research value contained in the publication.
DIARY NOTES OF MILAN D. RADENKOVIC FROM 1889.
Diary notes from 1889, written by Milan Radenkovic, a famous Jagodinac, which was preserved by greatgranddauthers and kindly offered to us for the professional processing and publication for scientific purposes, represent a valuable testimony to one man, one sity and one time.
BIOPOLITICS, TRANSHUMANISM, AI : SOME INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
The paper before us does not claim to present a new scientific contribution to the theories of biopolitics and their applications. The goal is to present a kind of an overview on the basis of which students of social sciences and humanities, as well as all other interested educated readers, would be informed about contemporary scientific trends when it comes to biopolitical theories and their scientific use. First, author tries to explain Foucault’s interpretation of biopolitics, then presents viewpoints in science analyzing relations of biopolitics, bioethics, biotechnologies and AI
A SHORT CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN EASTERN POLICY IN THE PERIOD 1896-1907
In this paper, we tried to give a brief overview of Russian eastern policy in the period 1896 to 1907, first of all, as seen by Russian historians. Special attention is paid to the so-called the treaty in Murzsteg as well as the events in Macedonia during that period.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC BUDGET REVENUES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA FOR 2024 AND 2025
The budget is the highest financial act of a state. It is designed to bring improvement for all citizens. The budget of the Republic of Serbia regulates the revenues and receipts, expenditures and expenditures of the Republic. Every year, the Assembly of the Republic of Serbia adopts the budget of the Republic for the following year. According to the calendar for the level of the Republic of Serbia, according to the Law on the Budget System (Article 31), it is foreseen that on December 15, the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia will pass the Law on the budget for the following year. The last law that was adopted is the Law on the Budget of the Republic of Serbia for 2025. In all Budget Laws, a systematic presentation of all revenues and expenditures and their purposeful distribution according to the previously established budget structure was carried out. In this paper, I will perform a comparative analysis of the public revenues of the budget of the Republic of Serbia for 2024 and 2025. The aim of the work is to indicate the importance of income for the normal functioning of public finances through a comparative analysis of the revenue side of the budget, as well as to improve the increase of the budget revenue side.
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ROLE OF CODES OF PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL CONDUCT IN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS
This paper analyzes the role of codes of professional and ethical conduct as a significant instrument in contemporary labor law. Although not formally classified as traditional sources of law, these codes are increasingly gaining normative relevance, especially when integrated into employment contracts, collective agreements, or internal employer regulations. The first section examines the legal nature of such codes, their para-legal status, and their influence on judicial practice. The second section explores their preventive and cultural function, emphasizing the role of codes in conflict prevention, building trust among employees, and promoting organizational ethics. The conclusion synthesizes the findings and highlights the transformative potential of these codes as a tool for regulating and ethically emancipating labor relations in an increasingly complex business and social environment.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN SERBIA
Serbia, thanks to its rich military tradition, participation and contribution, proven in the large number of casualties and military victories in its history, which amazed the whole world, has always highly valued and respected the army and the military profession in general. Numerous renamings of the name of the state, i.e. different political arrangements, territorial expansions or reductions and a whole series of factors, both internal and external, influenced the Serbian army to disappear and re-emerge throughout history. The question that has been kept current for centuries is: Should the army be professional, or as it was called "standing" in some past times, or on the other hand, national, with general military service? Of course, this is only one of the issues scientifically addressed by the field of civil-military relations.
Драгослав Дедић, Јагодина у Првом светском рату, Историјски архив Јагодина, Јагодина 2022, 297
REVIEW OF THE THEMATIC COLLECTION "SECURITY CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY: DILEMMAS AND IMPLICATIONS"
The thematic collection "Security Challenges of Modern Society: Dilemmas and Implications" offers a comprehensive overview of key security challenges facing contemporary society through an analysis of global, technological, social, and economic issues. Organized into five thematic sections, the contributors examine the multidisciplinary aspects of security, addressing current problems and potential solutions. The editor of the monograph is Prof. Dr. Dejan Dašić, and the publishers are the Faculty of Law, Security, and Management "Konstantin Veliki," Niš; Union - Nikola Tesla University, Belgrade; and the Independent University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Security and Protection. The collection was published in 2022.
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN PRODUCT QUALITY, CONSUMER PERCEPTION, AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFLUENCE
Consumer perceptions of product quality are often shaped by multiple factors, with the country of origin being a key determinant. While some consumers may prioritize basic functionality, disregarding the product's place of manufacture, the country of origin can significantly influence perceptions for certain items, particularly those from countries with a strong positive reputation. For many authors, the country of origin refers to the location of the company's headquarters. Consumers often show a preference for products from countries known for quality and technological advancement, which can lead them to pay premium prices, even when the product's actual quality may not be superior. This effect is especially noticeable with high-end products, which often serve as symbols of status. In such cases, the country of origin is perceived as a quality indicator, based on assumptions about the industrial and technological standards of that nation. Many studies confirm the strong connection between the country of origin and consumer perceptions, underscoring its importance in shaping marketing strategies and consumer behavior.
DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Learning foreign languages ​​comes with many challenges, but with the right motivation, resources and support, many of these problems can be overcome. Every difficulty represents an opportunity for advancement and improvement, and the process of learning a language can be very useful for personal development and interpersonal communication. This text provides an overview of the problems encountered in foreign language learning and offers several solutions that can help students overcome these challenges.
ACCOUNTING INCLUSION OF ELECTRONIC INVOICES IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENTITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
The implementation of the Law on Electronic Invoicing in the Republic of Serbia starts in 2022. The law has been amended and, as such, is required to be applied from January 1, 2023 in the entire public sector as well as a large part of the private sector. Exemption from application applies only to taxpayers whose financial operations are subject to the Law on Fiscalization, taking into account their financial transactions for which fiscal invoices are not issued. It is prescribed that with the help of this law, all procedures related to the issuance, sending, receiving, processing, storage, content and elements of electronic invoices, which refer to transactions between a private entity, a separate entity of entities and a public sector entity between a private entity and a public entity, are regulated sector. private sector as well as all other issues related to electronic invoicing. The main goal of this Law is the harmonization of legal norms with legal regulations and recommendations of the European Union. Digitization and automation of tax and financial inspection supervision is a process that every country enables greater efficiency of the work of its supervisory authorities and legal entities under modern and international law. There is also a legal obligation to archive accounting documents in electronic form through eArchiving. The aim of the paper is to indicate the importance of introducing electronic invoices as an important lever in accounting recording.
EDUCATION FOR RESEARCH AND THE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY OF RESEARCHERS
The content of this paper is structured into three main sections. The introductory section, titled Preliminary Remarks and Problem Statement, serves as preparatory and includes an overview of the globalization of higher education and education for research. The central section, Scientific Research Work at the University, addresses two particularly important issues. First, the methodology of scientific research as an academic subject, which provides knowledge acquisition for all three forms of scientific research. Second, the implementation of scientific research is typically conducted through multidisciplinary investigations. The Conclusion emphasizes that the ongoing reform of higher education, as a continuous process, should be accompanied by the promotion of scientific research work, as it ensures the development of young researchers, a necessary precondition for economic and democratic progress. This paper modestly aims to encourage the promotion of scientific research at universities, making it a subject of interest not only for the scientific and professional community but also for the broader society, utilizing numerous research methods and techniques. A critical reflection on the issue of the moral responsibility of researchers, as the focus of this paper, necessitates preliminary remarks on the ethical aspects of science and the ethical challenges in acquiring and applying scientific knowledge. Within this framework, the author highlights a specific work ethic and, in this context, the moral responsibility of researchers as creators. Particular emphasis is placed not only on ethical issues related to the (non)application of acquired scientific knowledge but also on the ethical challenges in knowledge dissemination, with special attention to the moral responsibility for applying acquired scientific knowledge that contributes to harmonizing social, primarily economic, development with ecological principles.
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF FISCAL POLICY IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIES
Tax flows and their functional action from the aspect of liquidity, demand and stimulation of economic growth, i.e. revival of economic activity, about the oscillations of tax flows and the mechanisms of transformation of their financial and monetary action is a basic issue of fiscal policy in modern economies. On the other hand, the complexity of budget flows and their effect on the liquidity of the economy and demand functions represent the other side (expenditure and use of funds) of collected public funds, and especially on the effects of budget changes (parts of budget revenues and expenditures and their mutual connection and action). From this complex of problems, the effect of budget flows on the liquidity of certain sectors, the effect on the formation of demand and the effects of budget flows on economic activity are highlighted. The control of fiscal and monetary flows, as well as the effective use of fiscal and monetary policy instruments, are not possible without knowledge of the mutual effects and connection of fiscal and monetary flows.
Добривоје Јовановић, Делатност посланика Јагодинског и Ћупријског округа у раду народних скупштина Кнежевине Србије, Јагодина: Ауторско издање, 2022, 404
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECRTONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
Contemporary payment transactions are intricately linked to the integration of information and communication technologies, facilitating exchanges through electronic messages within the information systems of participants. The completion of electronic payment transactions occurs upon the receipt of an electronic message by the recipient or confirmation from the sender about the message's reception, and its validity depends on adherence to prescribed formats, authentication through electronic signatures, and compliance with established rules. Developed market economies exhibit various models for payment settlement systems, especially in transactions involving significant values. Countries in Central and Eastern Europe undergoing the transition process faced two fundamental challenges: inadequate telecommunication networks and an underdeveloped banking system. Inefficiencies in bank management structures, coupled with a population inclined towards cash payments due to manual transaction processing, primitive telecommunications, and a general lack of trust in the banking system, prompted these countries to initiate comprehensive reforms of their payment systems. Addressing these challenges became crucial as these nations sought to establish the foundations for the development of a market economy.
ICONOSTAS OF THE HOLY TRINITY MONASTERY IN GABROVAC
The iconostasis of the monastery in Gabrovac consists of several layers. The original iconostasis with one row of icons was created around 1815. By upgrading the iconostasis in 1863, it got four rows of icons. Today, it houses several icons from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS FROM ATAR NEGRISHOR - POSSIBLE EVIDENCE OF A CULT SITE ASSOCIATED WITH A HEALING SPRING
This paper presents archaeological findings discovered in the area of the Dragacevo village of Negrishor. The findings include prehistoric tumuli, Roman funerary steles, and architectural remains from the late Middle Ages. The assumption is put forward that the prehistoric and ancient necropolis were formed within the framework of a cult site associated with a nearby healing spring.
In the post-war period, the Yugoslav Navy had three classic destroyers: Split (1958-1984), Kotor and Pula (1960-1970) and four escort destroyers: Triglav and Biokovo (1949-1965), Durmitor (1950-1957) and Učka (1951-1967). Split, Kotor and Pula made up the 4th destroyer division (4.DR) and Triglav, Biokovo, Durmitor and Učka the 6th destroyer escort division. The paper gives a brief overview of the history of Yugoslav escort destroyers.
At the beginning of November 1944, a group of Allied prisoners was freed in an attack by Chetniks on a German column retreating from Greece. We have several sources about this event, starting from the statements of the prisoners themselves who mention the night skirmish, up to the claims that it was one of the biggest ambushes on the German forces in which they suffered huge losses. In order to understand the situation, we need to compare all the sources about this event, but also to explain the relations between the Chetniks, the Germans and the Allies at the end of 1944.
FAMILY VIOLENCE NEGATIVELY AFFECTS ALL FAMILY MEMBERS INVOLVED
Family violence includes violence that occurs between family members - parents, intimate partners, siblings or family members of multiple generations, and grandparents. Witnessing family violence refers to situations in which a child witnesses frequent and prolonged verbal or physical violence between parents or other family members. Family violence is considered to be all threatening, coercive or controlling actions used by one family member towards another. Family violence may occur between two or several family members, but it inevitably affects all members of that family. Although child abuse and domestic violence are separated as forms of violence, it is important to point out that they are usually not mutually exclusive. Therefore, a child should be considered a victim, even if he is not the primary victim, when he hears or witnesses constant arguments or physical violence between parents or other family members. In these situations, it is considered that the child is experiencing mental or emotional abuse, which is why he has an increased risk of becoming violent himself. In addition, both the child and the adult may hold themselves responsible for the violent behavior, especially if the perpetrator of the violent behavior convinces them of this. Given that they are in a situation that requires the help of other people, and because of their own responsibility that they feel even though it does not exist, health and psychological difficulties or an anxiety disorder may appear that greatly disrupt the daily life of people who experience violence and thus prevent them from working what they would like.
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PERSONAL BRANDING OF ATHLETES
Some athletes earn many times more profit from their sponsorship contracts than from professional contracts with their the clubs, competitions and the like. Also many of them commercialize well their popularity on internet. Creating the reputation is a hard and time consuming process which can quickly disappear with millions worth contracts with sponsors. The necessity of ethical behavior is the imperative that is imposed on athletes. It reduces the cost of business transactions, creates trust among shareholders, increases the chances that teamwork will be successful. It also keeps social capital and provides extra value for customer and reduces risks. Modern society can truly be said that it is the media society, conceived as a system of endless communication links and inter-actions which are established among its members. In this process it is the unavoidable role of mass media and it’s importance. Because the modern means of this field offer the possibility of a successful personal branding.
NEZHATYNA NIVA: THE LEGEND ABOUT THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY OF NIZHAYN AND ITS ORIGINS
The aim of the paper is to investigate the legend about the founding of the Ukrainian town of Nizhyn, which identifies it with the Nezhatina Niva settlement from the time of Kievan Rus. According to legend, the Varangians conquered the city and, as a sign of submission, left a field in the field, on which it was forbidden to harvest. They left the same fields in other cities. This unharvested field resonates with the ethnographically recorded harvest custom of leaving the "beard of Veles-Volos" on the field - an unharvested piece of the field, on which ears of corn are braided and decorated. The worship of the god Veles included his function as the guarantor of contracts and agreements, which linked him to the Vedic Varuna, also the protector of agriculture.